Athletics were contested at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games in Mecca, Saudi Arabia from April 12 to April 16, 2005.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saudi Arabia | 9 | 5 | 1 | 15 |
| 2 | Morocco | 6 | 1 | 2 | 9 |
| 3 | Algeria | 2 | 5 | 5 | 12 |
| 4 | Sudan | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
| 5 | Iran | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 6 | Egypt | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Syria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | |
| 8 | Tunisia | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 9 | Tajikistan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 10 | Kuwait | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 11 | Senegal | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 12 | Burkina Faso | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 13 | Cameroon | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Oman | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 15 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Iraq | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Malaysia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Uganda | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 23 | 23 | 23 | 69 |
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